Contents:
Activism and its fluctuations are at the heart of this history: its achievements, shortcomings and setbacks over time. English was a minority language in Wales until the 12th century, and one of the most interesting details that emerges from the four hundred year survey in Chapter One is the consideration of popular and legal Welsh-language terms for same-sex activity or genderqueer identification.
The more famous translation by William Morgan in used sodomiaidd. What mannish women were called is not reported. The exploration of sexuality and nationality is a large field of study, ranging as it does from the centrality of the reproductive nuclear family, through policing of normative genders, to gender or sexual separatism as in Lesbian or Queer Nation , to homonationalism.
The recurring subtext in this study is whether Welshness and queerness, or more specifically being Welsh and gay, are compatible. In Bangor, the coupling of the Welsh dragon with anti-Section 28 campaigns in the late eighties was met by dismay by some university students, though clearly the activists felt it a matter of importance to align their national symbol with the cause. If the gendered and sexual symbolism of Welsh nationhood and identity broadly follows European models, Wales does present some differences as a nation within a larger state.
This construction of homosexuality as antithetical to Welshness is reminiscent of earlier attempts to portray suffragettes as foreign troublemakers, and feminism as an import. Welsh feminists, however, were keen to claim Welsh national identity, and could portray Wales as leading the way towards equality. As the cumulative research of queer history and culture in Wales shows, it is of course untenable to attribute to a region, community, or class, let alone to a nation a homogenous shared perspective on homosexuality or gender-nonconformity.
As John Sam Jones notes, even in the same place at the same time, two wildly divergent attitudes to homosexuality could co-exist:. In the face of similar contrasts, Leeworthy negotiates a judicious path between the affirmative narrative of recovery and a strong awareness of local contradictions, geographic variations, and linguistic and cultural differences.
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These are all vital in constructing a national history, and a theoretically nuanced understanding of sexuality and identity. This is not a new challenge and those in pursuit of lesbian history have had to be creative in their search for historical traces.
Indeed, Leeworthy has elsewhere eloquently argued that lesbian history needs to take as its starting points the structures and movements into which women organised themselves. Women formed their own groups and a number of fascinating initiatives are mentioned in passing, some well-known, others less so. But these glimpses are frustratingly brief. A Little Gay History of Wales marks a major advance in the project of documenting and analysing gay lives and the cultural, social, and legal contexts in which they were lived in Wales.
If the arrival of this book feels a little belated, both in terms of being a long-overdue study of LGBT Welsh history, and in the way in which male homosexual experience remains centre stage, it will no doubt be highly influential within the kaleidoscope of studies—historical, cultural, sociological—which are enriching and complicating our understandings of queer Wales. The easiest of these points to tackle is the middle one, and so I shall begin there.
As a non-fluent speaker of Welsh, I recognise that some of the terminology in contemporary and historical use I will have missed—whether obvious to a fluent speaker or more esoteric. Our collective understanding of and fluency in the bilingual taxonomy of sexuality and gender, essential to the decipherment of the past, continues to expand, and demonstrates the distinctively Welsh character of this aspect of history.
I cannot help but wonder what else might be found in the iaith lafar —the spoken language—which, particularly in the industrialised southern counties of Wales, has faded away and is less prevalent in the Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru entries which serve as the starting point for this kind of research. Retrieved 30 May Philip Glanville elected Mayor of Hackney. Islington Gazette. Retrieved 24 October Manchester Evening News. MEN Media. Retrieved 26 May February 7, Retrieved 14 April Planet Extra.
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